An analysis of presupposition triggers in hilary clintons first. Nov 27, 2007 this paper aims at combining different theoretical and methodological approaches for the analysis of discourse, focusing in particular on argumentative structures. Ideological analysis of language and discourse is a widely practised scholarly and critical endeavour in the humanities and the social sciences. The presupposition and discourse functions of the japanese particle mo outstanding dissertations in linguistics 1st edition by sachiko shudo author visit amazons sachiko shudo page. Presupposition analysis downloaded by canterbury christ church. The handbook of discourse analysis edited by deborah schiffrin, deborah tannen, and heidi e. Thus, this advanced course studies language use beyond the. It focuses on identifying presuppositions of an abstract nature from varying perspectives. It contributes to the understanding of both linguistic diversity and the cognitive underpinnings of language and it provides a framework for further research in both fields.
The study identified language that created dominance, discussed the presupposition as a strategy used in the utterances. Pragmatics is the study of deixis at least in part, implicature, presupposition, speech acts, and aspects of discourse structure. A presupposition is something that you assume to be true, especially something which you. The paper shows that presuppositions were used in courtroom inquiry by different participants for the purposes of investigation, confirmation and trapping. Given these three dimensions, such as linguistics for the specific study of language and language use, psychology for the study of beliefs and how they are communicated, and the social sciences for the. Paltridge defines pragmatics as the study of how the meaning of spoken and written discourse is related to the context in which that speech and writing occurs.
The research found out that presupposition was used by speakers to create. Geurts in assuming that anaphora is a kind of presupposition. This paper aims at combining different theoretical and methodological approaches for the analysis of discourse, focusing in particular on argumentative structures. Karttunen to be used for morphological analysis and generation. This paper is descriptive qualitative which describes the types of presuppositions and their meaning in the short stories by silvester goridus sukur. After a description of general strategies, certain tools of cda such as genre, framing, foregrounding, omission, and presupposition are introduced and.
The analysis of higginbotham and may 1981 is a case in point. Presupposition and implicature 5 dominant one, though, at present, it probably manifests itself largely as noncommitment about the full picture even as more and more of the heavylifting is assigned to the pragmatics abbott, 2006. We formalize our analysis in the dynamic semantic framework of projective discourse representation theory venhuizen 2015. One sentence presupposes another iff whenever the first is true or false, the second is true. This book studies how people refer to entities in natural discourse. Discourse analysis is committed to an investigation of what language is used for. Sexism sexism is the use of language to discriminate against women and to belittle and trivialize those activities associated with women. Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics palgrave studies in pragmatics, language and cognition 2007th edition. Even so, we know much more about presupposition in theory than in practice. This study analyses five news articles extracted from three ethiopian newspapers published in the english language in order to examine the type of knowledge journalists presuppose in news discourse and, in relevance theoretic terms, the amount of processing effort that readers are required to invest in accessing andor activating what has been presupposed. Critical discourse analysis cda is a broad study belonging to not one research category. S hotel transylvania a thesis by briant nino aditya 06211144010 approved by the supervisors on july 23rd 2014 first supervisor second supervisor dra. Ali rahimikashan university, iranrahman sahragardshiraz university, iran abstract.
The analysis of discourse is the analysis language in use. Pdf critical discourse analysis of media presupposition in. By using the methods of linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics as well as critical discourse analysis, it was proved that the ambiguity is a widely spread method in modern media, it enables. In the case of interrogatives, presupposition failure is usually said to result in the interrogative lacking a true answer. Discourse analysis is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken, signed language use or any significant semiotic event. A celebrated example is the analysis by lakoff 1971 of but in its denial of expectation use, il. Pragmatics in discourse analysis the mutual expectation 01 the interactants is that the speaker makes hislher contribution as clear and as comprehensible as possible, and that while doing so, slhe takes al. The final part of the book offers a wider perspective, including deixis, referential aspects of gesticulation and signed languages. Sexism is defined as the practices whereby someone foregrounds gender when it is not the most salient feature. But we also presupposed, as we wrote the last sentence, repeated in, that there was a time when we wrote it, for otherwise the fronted phrase as we wrote this would not have identified a time interval. Presupposition is a central topic in semantics and pragmatics. Formal pragmatics addresses issues that are on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics of natural language, from the point of view of a modeltheoretic semanticist.
At a first level an attempt is made to include argumentation in critical discourse analysis in order to extend the analysis of interaction between structures of discourse and structures of ideologies t. Presupposition triggers that disallow accommodation are called anaphoric presupposition triggers. A critical discourse analysis of donald trumps sexist. The presupposition of such analyses is that ideologies of speakers or. It is mainly concerned with central topics such as implicature, presupposition, speech acts, deixis, and reference. Both structures respond to retrievability criteria while being powerful instruments to convey ideologically oriented messages. This paper is concerned with the concept of presupposition, specifically as it is applied in critical approaches to discourse analysis such as critical discourse analysis or societal pragmatics, and proposes a systematisation of a sociocognitive approach to the concept. Yule the functions of language the analysis of discourse is necessarily the analysis of language in use.
The analysis of the functions of language can be referred to as discourse analysis. What is more, it focuses on its object of study through consideration of the context and its construction, through recognition of. Presupposition analysis is crucial for uncovering naturalised ideologies underlying discourse, and examining manipulative functions of discourse, especially strategies making it socially or. The book also draws together empirical analyses in order to examine what light the analysis of discourse can shed on the way information is processed in working memory. The presuppositions of an utterance are the pieces of information that the speaker assumes or acts as if she assumes in order for her utterance to be meaningful in the current context. This theory looks at how the society is moulded by language that shows various power relationships. Pdf critical discourse analysis of media presupposition. Presuppositional inferences are distinguished from other kinds of inferences, especially from atissue inferences a.
Jan 28, 2020 discourse analysis, also called discourse studies, was developed during the 1970s as an academic field. Drawing on critical discourse analysis fairclough 1995,2001. The final section of the volume examines discourse types and domains, providing a taxonomy of discourse types and focusing on a range of discourse domains, e. Presuppositions and pedigrees for discourse markers. According to levinson we can compute out of sequences of utterances, taken together with background assumptions about language usage, highly.
We assume that mp is a principle which requires the speaker to explicate her knowledge about earlier discourse, and to thereby signal metainformation about her strategies of text production. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition. Volume 2 titlea critical discourse analysis of euphemization and derogation in emails on the late pope authorsali rahimi and rahman sahragard bio. What are the types of presupposition and dominant type of presupposition in. Hamilton the handbook of discourse analysis blackwell handbooks in linguistics this outstanding multivolume series covers all the major subdisciplines within linguistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. Under this perspective, dms are presuppositional because they are anaphoric. Discourse representation theory stanford encyclopedia of. The handbook of discourse analysis pdf free download. The readings this week focused on discourse and pragmatics. The ideas put forward in this work are intended to begin narrowing this gap by examining how presupposed information is used by speakers and understood by hearers in spontaneous spoken discourse. Presupposition and implicature stanford university.
This book focuses on the way specific entities are mentioned in natural discourse, during which about every third word usually depends on referential choice. Presupposition problems with theory and methodology 3. Korean evidentials in discourse university of texas at. Mp analysis for the use and omission of additive markers and other presupposition triggers. Presupposition, broadly conceived, is a type of inference associated with utterances of naturallanguage sentences. This paper is concerned with the concept of presupposition, specifically as it is applied in critical approaches to discourse analysis such as. Pragmatics and discourse analysis 2752 3 credit hours tentative course syllabus dr. Pdf this paper is concerned with the concept of presupposition, specifically as it is applied in critical approaches to discourse analysis such. This article concerns discourse representation theory narrowly defined as work in the tradition descending from kamp 1981.
Discourse analysis is a broad term for the study of the ways in which language is used between people, both in written texts and spoken contexts. It is then placed in the context of incremental discourse semantics, where both negations are seen to do the job of keeping increments out of the discourse domain, though each does so in its own. Presupposition can also be seen as a relation between propositions, although many linguists including george yule prefer to see presupposition as strictly pragmatic, and a relation between a speaker and a proposition. Pragmatics and discourse analysis by margarida bassols puig abstract pragmatics, like discourse analysis, goes beyond structural study of the phrase and focuses on higher units speech acts and conversation turns.
Critical discourse analysis which fairclough 1995 defines as. Introduction ideological analysis of language and discourse is a widely practised scholarly and critical endeavour in the humanities and the social sciences. The focus is furthermore on functional units in discourse, such as discourse markers, moves, speech act sequences, discourse phases and silence. Presupposition, perceptional relativity and translation.
Jan 26, 20 theories of presupposition presupposition as a property of sentences under this view, presupposition is part of linguistic meaning therefore, it is a semantic phenomenon presupposition as speaker belief under this view, a presupposition is something believed to be true by the speaker, as part of a communicative act therefore, its a. The latter is considered a functional perspective and interfaces with disciplines such as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatic variation, and other social sciences. Critical discourse analysis cda has become a very influential academic research activity across subjects in social. Particles, maximize presupposition and discourse management. Stalnaker 1972 defines the scope of pragmatics as follows. Context here is taken to be the particular social situation that the discourse takes place in, the other text or speech it is situated with, and any background knowledge that it. Discourse analysis, also called discourse studies, was developed during the 1970s as an academic field. Presupposition analysis is crucial for uncovering naturalised ideologies underlying discourse, and examining manipulative functions of discourse. Presupposition definition and meaning collins english.
From the analysis of the authentic data of the criminal cases, this paper is to investigate the function of the presupposition in qualitative way. Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics. The same term is sometimes used more broadly, occasionally embracing heims 1982 work and the developments initiated by groenendijk and stokhof 1989, 1991. What is a pragmatics sil glossary of linguistic terms. The use of presupposition in the creation of socio political.
The presupposition and discourse functions of the japanese particle mo outstanding dissertations in linguistics 9780415941679. Levinson 1983 views pragmatics as an inferential process. Ideological discourse analysis discourse in society. Presupposition in courtroom discourse atlantis press. Theories of presupposition presupposition as a property of sentences under this view, presupposition is part of linguistic meaning therefore, it is a semantic phenomenon presupposition as speaker belief under this view, a presupposition is something believed to be true by the speaker, as part of a communicative act therefore, its a. Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics palgrave studies in pragmatics, language and cognition 9780230005334. Section 5 proposes a modified maximize presupposition. This uptodate resource covers a substantial body of formal work on linguistic phenomena, and presents the way the semanticspragmatics interface has come to be viewed today. The diverse of discourse and discourse analysis discourse is language above the sentence level. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Second, it has been held that dms presuppose the discourse relation they are associated with. In any case it is important to see that these are two independent kinds of relations.
Presupposition analysis is crucial for uncovering naturalised ideologies underlying discourse, and examining manipulative functions of discourse, especially strategies making it socially or cognitively harder to challenge ideological assumptions. Presidential campaign speech, as a specific type of political discourse, is to help the speaker gain voters support by virtue of various linguistic. As we wrote this, we presupposed that readers would understand english. This paper discusses some principles of critical discourse analysis, such as the explicit sociopolitical stance of discourse analysts, and a focus on dominance. The use of presupposition in the creation of socio. Presupposition in news discourse mesfin awoke bekalu, 2006. The presupposition of such analyses is that ideologies of speakers or writers may be uncovered by close reading, understanding or systematic analysis, if language users explicitly or unwittingly express.
1015 1464 191 922 466 301 1179 1356 811 1363 272 579 681 156 856 837 634 1536 692 755 928 1154 1135 1260 766 310 495 440 418 275 1284 954 1010 1008 1013 46 858 1146 1061 1370 363 1000 535 391